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EVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE DE L’URBANISATION DE LA PLAINE DES GONAÏVES, HAÏTI DE 2002 A 2022

This work consists in evaluating the environment of the plain of Gonaïves under the influence of urbanization. In fact, the zoning of the Gonaïves Urban Development Master Plan stipulates that the plain of Gonaïves is officially reserved for intensive agriculture and is therefore unbuildable. On the other hand, nowadays, constructions replace cultivated plots. For the objective which is to understand why the city of Gonaïves extends towards the agricultural plain and to evaluate the consequences of this spread on the environment and the way of life of the households, the methodology of this study is based on an approach mapping, surveys, and field visits. With reference to the subject, bibliographical research was carried out to grasp the scope of the problem in the world in relation to the specificities of the case study The analysis of the results first presents the chronological evolution of the urban sprawl of the city of Gonaïves. The extension of the city began between 1956 and 1993, going from 3.2 km2 to 6.9 km2, but its magnitude caught the attention of the authorities in 2022 by reaching 14 km2. But it was in 2001 that the zoning was drawn up which classifies the plain (East and North- East) as agricultural zones and the North and North-West as extension zones. However, cartographic analyzes show that the sprawl of the city eats away at 14.8 km2 in the plain, while only out of 31.15 km2 intended for extension, 5.5 km2 are urbanized, i.e., barely 16.7%. This anarchic periurbanization leads to a gentrification of the plain which is mainly fueled by the diasporic phenomenon which is in vogue. So zoning is far from being applied. The consequences of the urbanization of the plain are manifested by the pressure on water resources, by the increase in land value and by the impoverishment of biodiversity, especially that of birds. The decrease in arable land reduces agricultural production. Some cash crops become subsistence crops. Autonomous systems such as plumbing, electricity, waste management, security, encourage waste and environmental pollution. Households from the plain who depend on agriculture are forced to change sources of supply to comply with modernization at the risk of their diet and the ancestral way of life.

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Rubrique: Mémoire/Travaux
Auteur: COECO - Haiti (COECO) | venor.education@gmail.com
Date: 1 Juin 2025